What Size Hard Drive For Time Machine Backup

Time Machine is such an incredibly useful tool and so easy to use that everyone should be using it to back up their Mac. Not only will it bail you out if the worst happens and you need to delete your boot drive reinstall macOS from scratch, but it allows to recover individual files that you may have accidentally deleted or modified.

1. Hard Drive For Time Machine
2. What Size Hard Drive For Time Machine Backup
3. Apple Time Machine Backup Drive
4. What Size Hard Drive For Time Machine Backup Extractor
5. What Size Hard Drive For Time Machine Backups

Step 1 – To delete the files Enter Time Machine and go to the location of the file. You might have to go to specific date backup if the file is not available in today's snapshot. Step 2 – Right-Click on the file or folder and select 'Delete All Backups of'. Step 3 – This will remove all the backups of that file/folder and you will have extra space on your backup drive. Expand your PC storage with this WD easystore external desktop drive. The 8TB capacity accommodates an expanding media library, while the USB 3.0 interface offers data transfer speeds of up to 5GB/sec.

In this article, we'll show you a couple of ways to delete Time Machine backups when you need to free up space. But before we do, it's worth recapping how Time Machine works so we know what we're going to delete.

How Time Machine works

Time Machine backs up everything on your Mac by default. However, when you set it up, you can specify folders, such as, say, your Downloads folder, to omit from the backup. You can also specify where the backup should be stored. When Apple launched Time Machine, it also launched a network storage system called Time Capsule to make it easy for MacBook users to back up wirelessly. And makers of network-attached storage devices added support to those for Time Machine. However, Apple no longer sells the Time Capsule and recommends only directly attached storage drives for use with Time Machine. So the chances are, you'll be backing up to a USB hard drive or SSD.

The first time Time Machine backs up your Mac, it copies everything, except the folders you've excluded, to the backup drive and saves it as a sparse disk image. After that, it backs up your Mac every hour, copying only those files that have changed since the last backup. It keeps every hourly backup for 24 hours, then one backup per day for the previous month, and one backup per week from every month before that.

As you can see, once you've been using Time Machine for a while, the size of the backup will grow. When you start to run short of space, Time Machine will ask you if you want to delete backups. However, you may want to free up space before then, here's how to do that.

Note: If you want to free up space on your Time Machine disk so that you can use it to store other data, don't. It's good practice to have one dedicated disk for Time Machine. If you use the disk for other things, you increase the chance of it failing. And if that happens, you've lost your backup.

How to delete old Time Machine backups

Here's how to delete Time Machine backups from an external hard drive using the Time Machine app itself. You can use the same method to remove them from a network drive.

1. Make sure your backup drive is connected to your Mac.
2. Launch Time Machine from the Finder menu bar.
3. Navigate to either Macintosh HD (or whatever you've re-named it) or to your user Home folder and scroll back to the point in time where you want to start deleting backups (Tip: you can use the arrows to the right of the Finder window or two fingers on your trackpad to scroll through backups).
4. Once you've located the most recent backup you want to delete, right-click on the Finder window, or click the gear icon in the Finder window toolbar.
5. Choose 'Delete all backups of…' from the menu.
6. Type in your admin username and password.
7. Once Time Machine has deleted the backups, manually start a new backup.

There is another way to manually delete Time Machine backups, using Terminal and the tmutil command. It should only be used if you're comfortable with a command-line interface. If not, use the method above. As with all Terminal sessions, you should back up all your data immediately before you start and makes sure you follow the instructions carefully, typing the commands exactly as they appear.

1. Launch Terminal from Applications > Utilities.
2. To see a list of all backups, type: tmutil list backup.
3. You will now see a list of all the backups made by Time Machine, listed by date.
4. Locate the backup you want to delete and type: sudo tmutil delete followed by the path to the backup as displayed in when you used the list backup command. So, for example: /Volumes/KennyTimeMachine/Backups.backupdb/MacintoshHD/YYYY-MM-DD-HHMMSS/ — where ‘KennyTimeMachine' is the name of your Time Machine backup volume, ‘MacintoshHD' is the name of your Mac, and ‘YYY-MM-DD' is the date of the backup

If you're comfortable using wildcards in Terminal, you can specify multiple backups to delete at once.

Deleting Time Machine snapshots

In addition to deleting Time Machine backups, you may need to delete snapshots sometime. Snapshots are created whenever Time Machine wants to run a backup but can't connect to the backup drive. The snapshot is saved on your boot drive until Time Machine can connect to the backup drive again. The snapshot files should be managed automatically and deleted when they are no longer needed. For example, Apple says they are deleted once you connect to your backup drive or if that doesn't happen, once they reach a certain age. It also doesn't create snapshots if it would cause a drive to have less than 20% spare capacity.

But there have been cases where Mac users have noticed that this hasn't happened and the snapshots are occupying tens of gigabytes of space on their drive. So, here's how to delete snapshots manually, again using Terminal and tmutil

1. Launch Terminal
2. Type: tmutil listlocalsnapshots /
   You will see a list of snapshots with names like 'com.apple.TimeMachine.2018-12-15-002010'
   
3. To delete a specific snapshot, type, or copy and paste: sudo tmutil deletelocalsnapshots then the date of the snapshot you want to delete, so that it looks like this: tmutil deletelocalsnapshots 2018-12-15-002010
4. You should see: Delete local snapshot '2018-12-15-002010' in the Terminal window. This means the snapshot has been successfully deleted. You will need to repeat step 3 for every snapshot you want to delete, changing the date portion of the command each time.
5. If you want to prevent Time Machine from making local snapshots altogether, type: sudo tmutil disablelocal

How to delete Time Machine snapshots the easy way

If the methods of deleting Time Machine snapshots seem complicated, you're in luck. CleanMyMac X has a tool that will do it for you in a few clicks.

1. Download CleanMyMac X for free here.
2. Launch the app.
3. Click Maintenance tab.
4. Choose Time Machine Snapshot Thinning.
5. Click Run.

That's it! Once you reduce the size of your Time Machine backups, try out other tools in CleanMyMac X to clean, speed up, and protect your Mac.

Whether you want to delete a complete set of Time Machine backups or just local snapshots, there are a number of ways to do it. The most complex, but also the one that gives you the most control, is to use tmutil in Terminal. As always, take great care when you use Terminal. You can also delete backups, though not snapshots, using Time Machine itself. The easiest way of all, however, is to use the Time Machine tool in CleanMyMac X. And while you're there, you can use other tools in the System Junk utility to free up more space.

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While I was doing different experiments on my MacBook, I always knew that I can restore the contents of my MacBook to the working state because I have made backups with the Time Machine.

How does Time Machine work

Time Machine is a free built-in backup software which copies Mac disk contents to external storage. When it runs first, the Time Machine makes a full backup and performs incremental backups after that. After the backup was done it is possible to restore individual files, applications or entire storage to a previous version.

Time Machine (TM) on Mac uses hard links (wiki) concept to create backup folders. Let me explain. When the first backup runs Time Machine copies all files from a startup disk to a new folder on the backup disk.

When TM runs next time it only copies files that have changed to a new folder. For the files that have not changed, it creates hard links that point to the actual files in a previous backup.

For instance, if initially, we had two files: file1.txt and file2.txt, they both will be copied on the first backup. Now if we make a change to fil1.txt then when next backup runs TM will copy file1.txt to a new folder and create a hard link to file2.txt from a previous backup without copying its contents.

So, if initial backup copied 100,000 files and only one file has changed since then only one file will be copied during the second backup.

To optimize further, in case if the folder did not change since last backup TM creates a hard link on a folder instead of thousands of hard links on each file inside the folder so the incremental backup runs very fast.

So, with this knowledge we can answer the following question:

Does Time Machine do a full backup every time

The Time Machine does a full backup only for the first time. After that, the Time Machine only saves contents of files that have changed since the last run and uses hard links to the previously backed files and folders to optimize the storage and speed up the backup process

How often does Time Machine backup

If the Time Machine is set to back up automatically it will run once every hour. The Time Machine keeps up to 24 hourly backups. After 24 hours it creates a daily backup for one month and weekly backups for multiple months. The Time Machine does not create monthly backups.

Does Time Machine delete old backups

The Time Machine keeps adding backup files as long as there is enough space on the backup disk. When the drive is full the Time Machine deletes old backups to free space for new data. While the Time Machine deletes old versions of the file it never deletes the latest one.

When TM deletes it still keeps the latest version of the file. For example, let's assume we have two files file1.txt and file2.txt. The file1.txt was changed once and file2.txt was deleted. If there is enough space TM will store 2 versions of file1.txt and deleted version of file2.txt.

When the backup disk fills up TM will delete old (first) version of file1.txt and the last version of file2.txt. TM will not delete the last version of file1.txt because there is still hard link (from the last back up) pointing to it.

How to Limit the size of backup disk for Time Machine

Although the Time Machine can clear space from old backups it prefers to expand to the entire disk to avoid deleting old backups as long as possible. If the disk is shared with other applications the way to limit the Time Machine from expanding is to create a fixed partition on the disk and use the partition as a backup disk.

Now, when we know all the theory behind TM backup let's see it in action.

How to back up with the Time Machine on Mac

1. Plug in an external hard drive
2. Start the Time Machine from System Preferences
3. Click on Select Backup Disk button.

This will open a window with a list of volumes available. If the external disk has multiple partitions, then all partitions will appear as possible volumes for back up. Select the volume and click on Use Disk button.

You can also check the Encrypt Backups option to make sure that all backups are encrypted with a password. Encrypting backups is a recommended approach, but remember, however, if you forget the password no one (even Apple) will be able to decrypt the backups later.

4. Choose if you want to Back Up Automatically.

Automatic backups assume that you either have an external hard drive constantly plugged-in or network storage such as Apple AirPort Time Capsule.

5. To exclude folder or drives from being backed up click on Options button.

By default, all external drives will be excluded. If you need to exclude other folders just click on the plus sign and browse to the desired folder.

6. Check Show Time Machine in menu bar option.

Now, if you need to bring up this dialog window you can select Open Time Machine Preferences option from the menu bar.

7. Click on Time Machine icon in the menu bar and click on Back Up Now to start back up manually.

If the automatic option is enabled, then the backup will start in one hour. You can always when the next backup will start from the Time Machine Preferences.

Choosing between Automatic or Manual backups

The advantage of automatic back up over manual is that we never know when we may need the old data. If the Time Machine is not set to run automatically then it is highly possible that some documents will not be available because you forgot to take manual back up on time.

Note that choosing Automatic back up does not mean that you can't do it manually when needed. I often do manual backups when I am planning to do something that I may want to need to revert, e.g. install a new application which I may want to delete if I don't like it.

Personally, I use manual backups which run from time to time, but I keep all my documents in the DropBox. With this set up I know that even if I have an old backup I can always rollback my Mac to an older version, run updates for all apps and sync all documents from DropBox to a local drive.

Another advantage of DropBox in this configuration is that I can access documents from different laptops.

Restoring from Time Machine backups

The main reason to back up anything is the ability to restore data to an older version. There are multiple reasons to restore and among them are the following:

Hard Drive For Time Machine

• A document was deleted and now you need it back
• A document has been changed and you need an older version of it
• Need to restore the previous version of an app or operating system
• Restore current Mac image to a new Mac. Here is a good guide on moving contents to a new Mac with Time Machine
• Disk corruption

How to restore a previous version of the document with Time Machine

To restore a previous version of the document first, start Time Machine from Applications or click on Enter Time Machine from the menu bar. This will bring up the Finder app with up and down arrows on the side. Use arrows to select the time of backup. Find the document and click on the Restore button.

If the file you are restoring already exists the Time Machine will give you options to Keep Original (which means not restoring older version), Keep Both (in this case the original file will be renamed to include original in parentheses) or Replace (the original file will be replaced with older version).

If you are not sure if the version you planning to restore is the one you need you can preview the document either by hitting a Space bar on the selected document or by double-clicking (or double tapping on touchpad). Previewing the document will not restore it, so it is safe.

How to restore a previous version of the app with Time Machine

The process of restoring apps is similar to restoring files and documents. To restore a previous version of the app start Time Machine and in the Finder window click on the Applications folder. Use up and down arrows to switch to the time when the older version was backed up and click on the Restore button.

How do I find files in Time Machine

If you don't remember in which folder was the deleted file located, but remember the day when the file existed before deletion then you can search for files the same way as you search any file in the Finder app. Just make sure to select the timestamp of the back-up instead of 'This Mac' as a search location.

How to restore Mac from the Time Machine backup

Besides restoring individual documents and apps it is possible to restore the entire Mac to a previously known state. Common reasons to do this are:

• Restore deleted user
• Restore the previous version of the macOS
• Get rid of viruses and malware
• Cleanly remove the unwanted application

Steps to restore Mac from the Time Machine

What Size Hard Drive For Time Machine Backup

1. Click on Restore From Time Machine Backup
2. Select the disk with the desired backup
3. If the disk contains backups from multiple Macs select the right computer
4. Select the date and time of the back-up

This process will first completely erase the startup disk and copy all files from the backup disk.

Apple Time Machine Backup Drive

Other backup solutions

Time Machine is not the only backup solution for Macs. There are many commercial applications that do the same thing as Time Machine and more. Two other solutions have been often mentioned as alternatives for TM: Carbon Copy Cloner and SuperDuper!

I tested all three with the following setup:

• MBP 13-inch 2015
• 71GB space used on 128GB disk

The results of the tests below:

Time Machine vs Carbon Copy Cloner vs SuperDuper!

As you can see from the table above the Time Machine is extremely slow compared to other solutions.

Other things I noticed:

Carbon Copy Cloner (CCC) is not easy to use. It took me some time to manage permissions for the application. There are many options to configure the application, which is good for advanced users, but when all you need is just scheduled back-ups I like the simplicity of the TM more than the complexity of CCC.

CCC failed to restore some data: mail, calendar, etc. It is possible that it was due to my failure to properly manage the permissions, but again I didn't have any issues like this with TM. TM just works without any configuration and permission management.

While you are welcome to pay for additional features that come with SuperDuper!, you can still use SuperDuper! for free is the only thing you need is a bootable disk.

After testing above-mentioned apps, I came to the conclusion that TM is still the best way to back up mac because it is free, it's built-in (no permission management required), it does incremental updates and it's easy to use. The only thing it does not do is the ability to create a bootable disk.

So my advice is to use Time Machine for all backups, but create a bootable disk with SuperDuper! (for free) in case you need to start from a drive other than startup disk.

Apple AirPort Time Capsule and alternatives

The biggest problem with Automatic backups and external drives is that need the drive to be constantly plugged into your Mac. This is not a problem for an iMac, but definitely not a good solution for MacBooks. Especially now, when new MacBook has only one USB-C port which is used for accessories and power.

Apple for a long time had a solution: Apple Time Capsule which is essentially a wireless router with a built-in hard drive. If you choose the time capsule as a backup disk then your MacBook will run a backup every hour as long as it can access it thru the wireless network.

For instance, if you have the time capsule at home your MacBook will not be able to run backups while you are at work, but as soon as you get home it will get back in a routine.

However, the simplicity of the solution was also a reason why Apple decided to stop making Time Capsules. The problem with everything being in one device is that you cannot change the built-in drive if you need more space or if the drive crashes.

You still can buy renewed Apple Time Capsules on Amazon, but this is not recommended anymore. Usb 3 external hard drive.

So, what is an alternative to Apple Time Capsule

Basically, to reproduce the functionality of AirPort Time Capsule you need two pieces of hardware: wifi router and an external drive or a network storage solution which combines both. After some research, I found an inexpensive reliable solution: Buffalo TeraStation.

There is good documentation which describes how to use Buffalo TeraStation for Time Machine backups.

If you prefer YouTube tutorials there is one here.

I had many questions when I was exploring this topic and after some research, I decided to write a small FAQ section on Time Machine for Mac.

FAQ

Will Time Machine run in sleep mode

The Time Machine will run in a sleep mode as long as Power Nap option is enabled. To enable Power Nap feature on Mac, go to the Energy Saver section in System Preferences and check Enable Power Nap option for Battery, Power Adapter or both.

Now, make sure that Automatic Backups option in Time Machine Preferences is set to On.
If the Mac is in sleep mode and automatic backup enabled, then the Time Machine will make backups every hour if:

• Mac is not plugged into the power and Power Nap is enabled under Battery tab in Energy Saver
• Mac is plugged into the power and Power Nap is enabled under Power Adapter tab in Energy Saver

Can I put my Mac to sleep while Time Machine is running

It is safe to put Mac to sleep from the menu or by closing MacBook's lid while the Time Machine is running. Depending on Power Nap configuration in Energy Saver preferences the backup process will continue if Power Nap is enabled or will stop and resume when Mac comes back from the sleep mode.

Can I use Mac while Time Machine is backing up

The Time Machine back up process may take a long time, but it is safe to continue working on Mac while the back up is running. However, the changes you made at this time may not be picked up in the current batch.

How much space does Time Machine need

When choosing a drive for Time Machine choose the one with at least twice as much storage as needed to back up. For instance, if MacBook's drive is 128GB, then at least 256GB is needed. However, if possible, choose a disk as much storage as possible. More space allows keeping backups for a longer time.

Time Machine and compression

Currently, the Time Machine does not compress backups because it uses sparse disk bundles where each file can be split across multiple chunks which makes effective compression impossible. Also, compression generally slows down any process and backup process is not an exception.

If you need a backup solution with compression capabilities, you need to use commercial applications such as GetBackup Pro.

What is backed up in Time Machine

Time Machine backs up everything on the disk including documents, applications, photos, videos, mail, etc. Anything that gets saved on the disk (even browser cache and saved passwords) will be saved during a Time Machine back up and can be restored later when needed.

How do I access Time Machine files from another Mac

1. Open Time Machine Backup disk in Finder
2. Open Backups.backupdb folder
3. Open the folder with the name of another Mac
4. Open Latest folder
5. Open Macintosh HD
6. Browse folders and find the file you need
7. Drag the file from Finder to Desktop

Can I use Time Machine with a USB flash drive

Time Machine allows to back up to flash drives. Note, however, that flash drives are much slower than SSD drives, so both backup and restore with USB drives will be slow. Ubuntu 18 10 desktop download. For instance, it took 48 minutes to back up a disk with 12GB data to a flash drive and 67 minutes to back up 71GB to an external SSD drive.

If you need a help with choosing a proper SSD drive for backups check the recommended external drives here.

What Size Hard Drive For Time Machine Backup Extractor

Can you back up multiple Macs to one-time machine

It is possible to use the same Time Machine disk for multiple Macs. When Time Machine runs backups it saves them under Backups.backupdb folder followed by a folder with the name of the Mac, e.g. Backups.backupdbMac's MacBook. When restoring select the correct Mac folder and access to snapshots under it.

Can you pause Time Machine

To pause Time Machine click on the Time Machine icon from the menu bar. In a drop-down list click on Skip This Backup link. Time Machine will pause the backup but will start it again later if it is configured to run automatically.

Can Time Machine backup to iCloud, DropBox, Google Drive or OneDrive

Currently, Time Machine cannot upload to iCloud, DropBox, Google Drive or OneDrive. However, it can back up to external drives, flash drives, and network attached storage (NAS).

Why Time Machine is slow

The slowness of the Time Machine can be caused by multiple factors:

• A lot of changes since the last backup
• The last time was interrupted. Time Machine needs to rescan files changed
• The last backup was done a long time ago
• If Time Machine backing up to a network drive
• Antivirus interference. Exclude backup disk from antivirus scans

Why does Time Machine gets stuck on preparing backup

If Time Machine is stuck in Preparing Backup state then stop the process by clicking on x icon next to the progress bar. Open external drive in Finder app, find the latest in-progress file, delete it. Set Spotlight to not index time machine drive. Reboot and try again.

Why Time Machine does not recognize an external hard drive

If Time Machine does not recognize an external USB or FireWire disk then do the following:

What Size Hard Drive For Time Machine Backups

• Eject the drive in Finder.
• Physically disconnect it from the Mac.
• Shut down the Mac.
• Reconnect the disk.
• Turn the Mac on.

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